References for "A Look at the Recent Droperidol Warning" by T.J. Gan, M.D.

1. FDA strengthens warnings for droperidol. . Accessed on April 8, 2002.

2. White PF, Watcha MF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: Prophylaxis versus treatment [editorial]. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89:1337-1339.

3. Watcha MF. The cost-effective management of postoperative nausea and vomiting [editorial]. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92:931-933.

4. Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89:652-658.

5. Gan T, Sloan F, Dear G, et al. How much are patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative nausea and vomiting? Anesth Analg. 2001; 92:393-400.

6. Fortney JT, Gan TJ, Graczyk S, et al. Acomparison of the efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction of ondansetron versus droperidol as antiemetics for elective outpatient surgical procedures. S3A-409 and S3A-410 Study Groups. Anesth Analg. 1998; 86:731-738.

7. Tang J, Watcha MF, White PF. Acomparison of costs and efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol as prophylactic antiemetic therapy for elective outpatient gynecologic procedures. Anesth Analg. 1996; 83:304-313.

8. Henzi I, Sonderegger J, Tramer MR. Efficacy, doseresponse and adverse effects of droperidol for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth. 2000; 47:537-551.

9. Tramer MR, Reynolds DJ, Moore RA, McQuay HJ. Efficacy, dose-response and safety of ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A quantitative systematic review of randomized placebocontrolled trials. Anesthesiology. 1997; 87:1277-1289.

10. Hill RP, Lubarsky DA, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, droperidol or placebo. Anesthesiology. 2000; 92:958-967.

11. Medicines Control Agency: Important safety message: Accessed on April 8, 2002.

12. Smith DC, O'Connell P. Cardiac dysrhythmias during oral surgery. Comparison of hyoscine and droperidol premedication. Anaesthesia. 1986; 41:745-748.

13. Loeser EA, Bennett G, Stanley TH, Machin R. Comparison of droperidol, haloperidol and prochlorperazine as postoperative anti-emetics. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1979; 26:125-127.

14. Barton MD, Libonati M, Cohen PJ. The use of haloperidol for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting - a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 1975; 42:508-512.

15. Chen JJ, Frame DG, White TJ. Efficacy of ondansetron and prochlorperazine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total hip replacement or total knee replacement procedures: Arandomized, double- blind, comparative trial. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1998; 158:2124-2128.

16. Bailey PL, Streisand JB, Pace NL, et al. Transdermal scopolamine reduces nausea and vomiting after outpatient laparoscopy. Anesthesiology. 1990; 72:977-980.

17. Khalil S, Philbrook L, Rabb M, et al. Ondansetron/promethazine combination or promethazine alone reduces nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery. J Clin Anesth. 1999; 11:596-600.

18. Blanc VF, Ruest P, Milot J, et al. Antiemetic prophylaxis with promethazine or droperidol in paediatric outpatient strabismus surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1991; 38:54-60.

19. Henzi I, Walder B, Tramer MR. Dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2000; 90:186-194. 20. Virik K, Karapetis C, Droufakou S, Harper P. Avascular necrosis of bone: The hidden risk of glucocorticoids used as antiemetics in cancer chemotherapy. Int J Clin Practice. 2001; 55:344-345.